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ASTM D1761 | Fasteners in Wood | Various Testing

ASTM D1761 identifies a few different scenarios to test the ability of different types of fasteners to resist withdrawal or lateral forces after being driven into wood products. Tested fasteners include nails, staples, screws, bolts, and plate connectors. Grips and fixtures for these tests can be a bit unique depending on the configuration of the test specimens.

Before conducting ASTM D1761, it is important to read the entire specification in the relevant ASTM publication.

ASTM D1761 | Fasteners in Wood | Various Testing

  1. Select the proper test method you wish to use when testing your fasteners and note the requirements for the specific fasteners (material & geometry).
  2. Prepare and condition the wood material according to your requirements for dry or seasoned material.
  3. For all tests, care should be taken to drive the fasteners at right angles to the face of the wood and to the proper depth. Lead holes may be necessary for screw fasteners.
  4. Withdrawal of the fastener should occur as soon as possible after driving, and always within 1 hour.

Nail, Staple, or Screw Withdrawal Test:

    1. Choose suitable grips to attach the wood prism to the testing machine, as well as grip the fastener head that was driven into the prism. If too difficult to grip the fastener, the fastener can also be driven through a cleat which is gripped during the withdrawal process.
    2. Apply a tensile force to the assembly in the direction of the fastener at the specified constant rate of withdrawal.
    3. Continue the test until fastener is withdrawn and record the maximum load.

Lateral Nail, Staple, or Screw Resistance Test:

      1. Here, the test specimen is assembled by overlapping the wooden prism and cleat members and driving a fastener through the overlap.
      2. Grip the two opposing ends of the overlapped wood members in the testing machine while keeping the overlapped face in line with the direction of the tensile force to be applied.
      3. Apply a tensile force to the assembly at the specified constant rate of speed.
      4. Record max load and load vs. displacement data at specified intervals.

Testing Bolted And Timber Connector Joints:

    1. In this test, three member (sometimes two member) wooden joints are bolted together according to the test specification.
    2. Specimens are tested both in the directions parallel and perpendicular to the grain.
    3. Apply a compressive or tensile force to the bolted assembly at the specified constant rate of speed.
    4. Continue the test until the ultimate load or specified deformation is reached.
    5. Record max load and load vs. displacement data at specified intervals.

Tension Tests of Plate-Type Connector Joints:

    1. In this test, two members of wood are joined end to end with truss plates fastened symmetrically. Instrumentation should be used to directly measure the separation of the wood members.
    2. The joined wood assembly should be gripped both ends in a testing machine with suitable grips.
    3. Apply a tensile force to assembly at the specified constant rate of speed.
    4. Continue the test until the ultimate load or specified deformation is reached.
    5. Record max load and load vs. displacement data at specified intervals.

Calculations:

  1. Max Load
  2. Load vs. Displacement Data/Curves

ASTM D1761 | Fasteners in Wood | Various Testing

ASTM D1761 Recommended Equipment
Testing System
Fixturing
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